Understanding Insulin Treatment in Diabetes Management

Insulin therapy plays a critical role in managing diabetes, particularly for individuals experiencing acute health issues or significant weight loss. A consultant diabetologist typically determines the need for insulin, but it is essential for patients to monitor their blood glucose levels diligently during periods of illness or stress. Keeping insulin refrigerated ensures it is ready for immediate use if glucose levels rise, helping to prevent complications such as ketoacidosis.

Marked weight loss—especially in those with newly diagnosed diabetes—can indicate a pressing need for insulin treatment. Patients who lose more than 3 kg despite maintaining an adequate diet should consult their healthcare provider regarding immediate insulin therapy. This is particularly crucial for patients admitted to the hospital, where evaluating insulin needs becomes a priority.

For younger patients, particularly those under 30 years old, type 1 diabetes is more prevalent, with a definitive requirement for insulin. While type 2 diabetes is increasingly diagnosed among younger individuals, the decision to withhold insulin should be carefully assessed by specialized healthcare professionals.

Pregnant women with diabetes often require insulin if their blood glucose levels cannot be controlled through diet and metformin alone. Similarly, type 2 diabetes patients exhibiting persistent hyperglycemia despite lifestyle changes or oral hypoglycemic agents may benefit from insulin therapy, especially if their HbA1c levels remain above 48 mmol/mol.

Patients dealing with complicated diabetes cases, such as severe painful diabetic neuropathy or hypertriglyceridemia, may find relief through insulin treatment. Aggressive blood glucose normalization can alleviate painful symptoms and lead to improved overall health outcomes.

There are various insulin preparations available, including human insulin produced via recombinant DNA technology and modified analogues that enhance absorption. While some patients may prefer animal-derived insulins due to perceived issues with human insulin, it is crucial to respect individual preferences and tailor treatment accordingly. With the expiration of patents on several insulin products, the landscape of diabetes management continues to evolve, promising new options for patients.