Understanding Growth Hormone Excess: Symptoms and Treatment Options

Growth hormone (GH) excess can lead to a range of physical and health-related issues, significantly impacting an individual’s quality of life. The condition primarily manifests through musculoskeletal changes, cardiovascular complications, and metabolic disturbances. Recognizing the symptoms associated with excess GH production is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management.

One of the most recognizable symptoms of excess growth hormone is musculoskeletal alterations. Individuals may experience increased stature, a condition known as gigantism in children, or acromegaly in adults. This can include features such as a protruding mandible, enlarged hands and feet, and a notably enlarged forehead, often referred to as frontal bossing. Patients may also struggle with joint issues, including osteoarthritis, due to abnormal joint loading. Other physical changes can include a big tongue, known as macroglossia, which can complicate oral functions.

Cardiovascular health is another area significantly affected by elevated GH levels. Patients may develop conditions such as dilated cardiomyopathy or hypertensive heart disease, leading to an increased risk of cardiac failure. These cardiovascular complications underscore the importance of regular monitoring and management of heart health in individuals with GH excess.

Metabolic issues are also common, with many patients experiencing impaired glucose tolerance or even secondary diabetes. Changes in skin texture and appearance, such as thickened, greasy skin and excessive sweating, are additional signs of growth hormone excess. These symptoms can contribute to an overall decline in quality of life, often leaving individuals feeling fatigued and unwell.

In terms of treatment, restoring normal growth hormone levels is essential for improving long-term health outcomes. Surgical intervention, particularly trans-sphenoidal surgery, can be curative if the tumor causing GH excess is fully accessible. If surgery does not achieve the desired results, medical treatments such as somatostatin analogues or pegvisomant may be used to help manage GH levels. Radiation therapy is also a viable option, especially when other treatments fall short, although it can carry risks such as hypopituitarism.

Understanding the symptoms and treatment options for growth hormone excess is vital for effective management and improving patients' quality of life. Early intervention can help mitigate many of the serious health risks associated with this condition, paving the way for a healthier future.